We thank John Wiley & Sons for providing us with a Grant-in-Aid to purchase a computer to use in preparing this review guide. The authors of this review guide wish to acknowledge and thank our editor, Jennifer Yee of John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; especially for her patience while we were attempting to make our deadlines. We also thank Bonnie Cabot, our local Wiley representative, for helpful suggestions. In addition, we wish to thank East Carolina University, the ECU Department of Biology, and the Institute for Coastal and Marine Resources at ECU for computer support, internet connections, and printer support.. Also, we would like to thank Dr. Mark Sprague of the ECU Department of Physics and Dr. Phil Evans of the ECU Department of Biology for reviewing Chapters 15 and 29, respectively. Lastly, we wish to acknowledge the authors of Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet, Second Edition), Daniel Botkin and Edward Keller, for providing an excellent textbook to use as a foundation for writing this review guide.